RESUMO
Li3V2(PO4)3 cathodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method with the subsequent annealing in an argon atmosphere to achieve optimal properties. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the material's single-phase nature, while the scanning electron microscopy revealed a granular structure, indicating a uniform particle size distribution, beneficial for electrochemical performance. Magnetometry and electron spin resonance studies were conducted to investigate the magnetic properties, confirming the presence of the relatively low concentration and highly uniform distribution of tetravalent vanadium ions (V4+), which indicated low lithium deficiency values in the original structure and a high degree of magnetic homogeneity in the sample, an essential factor for consistent electrochemical behavior. For this pure phase Li3V2(PO4)3 sample, devoid of any impurities such as carbon or salts, extensive electrochemical property testing was performed. These tests resulted in the experimental discovery of a remarkably high lithium diffusion coefficient D = 1.07 × 10-10 cm2/s, indicating excellent ionic conductivity, and demonstrated impressive stability of the material with sustained performance over 1000 charge-discharge cycles. Additionally, relithiated Li3V2(PO4)3 (after multiple electrochemical cycling) samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, magnetometry and electron spin resonance methods to determine the extent of degradation. The combination of high lithium diffusion coefficients, a low degradation rate and remarkable cycling stability positions this Li3V2(PO4)3 material as a promising candidate for advanced energy storage applications.
Assuntos
Lítio , Argônio , Condutividade Elétrica , Eletrodos , ÍonsRESUMO
A new bifunctional N4-ligand was obtained via the condensation reaction of acenaphthenequinone and 2-picolylamine. A peculiarity of this synthesis is the formation of a new intramolecular C-C bond during the reaction. The structure and redox properties of the ligand were studied. The anion-radical form of the ligand was prepared via the chemical reduction of the latter with metallic sodium as well as in situ via its electrochemical reduction in a solution. The sodium salt prepared was structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). New cobalt complexes with the ligand in neutral and anion-radical forms were synthesized and further studied. As a result, three new homo- and heteroleptic cobalt(II) complexes were obtained, in which the cobalt atom demonstrates different modes of coordination with the ligand. Cobalt(II) complex CoL2 with two monoanionic ligands was prepared by the electrochemical reduction of a related L2CoBr2 complex or by treating cobalt(II) bromide with the sodium salt. XRD was used to study the structures of all cobalt complexes prepared. Magnetic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies were performed: CoII ion states with S = 3/2 and S = 1/2 were found for the complexes. A quantum-chemical study confirmed that the spin density is mainly located at the cobalt center.
RESUMO
Two types of Fe(III) polynuclear iron(III) 1D-chain coordination compounds of the general formula [Fe (L)(tvp)]BPh4 nSolv, where L = dianion of N,N'-ethylenebis (benzoylacetylacetone)2,2'-imine (bzacen), tvp = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene were synthesized and studied by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic susceptibility methods in the temperature range (100-300) Ð. Two types of spin-variable complexes are formed depending on the time of precipitation of the complexes from the same solution leading to differently solvated species. They have different characteristics of the local ligand field and the spin transition behavior. The thermodynamic parameters of spin transitions were determined from the temperature dependence of the EPR signals integral intensity. The energy levels splitting values obtained by analyzing g-factors of low-spin Fe(III) centers evidenced not only on the crucial role of low-symmetry distortions on the principal possibility of spin-crossover processes, but also on the temperature peculiarities of spin transitions.
